Effects of Cadmium on Human Kidney Function
Author(s): Dr. Arindam Basu
Publication #: 2606016
Date of Publication: 09.07.2025
Country: India'
Pages: 1-6
Published In: Volume 11 Issue 4 July-2025
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses significant risks to human health due to its persistence in the environment and tendency to accumulate in biological tissues. Human exposure to cadmium occurs through contaminated food, drinking water, industrial emissions, cigarette smoke, and occupational activities such as mining, metal processing, and battery manufacturing. Among the various organs affected by cadmium toxicity, the kidneys are considered the primary target because cadmium accumulates in renal tissues over long periods. This research paper examines the effects of cadmium exposure on human kidney function, focusing on its sources, mechanisms of toxicity, and associated health consequences. Cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular apoptosis, and impairment of renal tubular function. Prolonged exposure may lead to proteinuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate, chronic kidney disease, and, in severe cases, kidney failure. Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated a strong association between chronic cadmium exposure and progressive renal damage. The paper also discusses factors influencing susceptibility to cadmium toxicity, including age, nutritional status, smoking habits, occupational exposure, and genetic predisposition. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cadmium-induced kidney injury is essential for developing preventive measures, improving risk assessment, and protecting public health. The study highlights the importance of environmental monitoring, occupational safety regulations, and public awareness programmes in reducing cadmium exposure and preventing kidney-related health disorders
Keywords: Cadmium, Nephrotoxicity, Kidney Function, Heavy Metal Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Chronic Kidney Disease, Renal Damage, Environmental Pollution, Occupational Exposure, Public Health.
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