The Impact of Social Media on Body Image and Self-Esteem Among Youth
Author(s): Dr. YOGESH BABU THUNGA
Publication #: 2603003
Date of Publication: 05.03.2026
Country: India
Pages: 1-10
Published In: Volume 12 Issue 2 March-2026
Abstract
The rapid expansion of social media platforms over the past decade has transformed how young people construct identity, engage in social comparison, and perceive their physical appearance. While digital connectivity has created opportunities for self-expression, networking, and community building, it has also intensified exposure to curated images, beauty standards, and appearance-based validation systems. These dynamics have significant psychological implications, particularly for body image perception and self-esteem among adolescents and young adults. This study develops a conceptual framework integrating psychological, sociological, and media theories to examine how social media engagement influences body dissatisfaction, self-worth, and emotional well-being among youth. Drawing on Social Comparison Theory, Self-Discrepancy Theory, Objectification Theory, and the Uses and Gratifications framework, the paper identifies pathways through which platform features such as photo-editing tools, algorithmic feeds, influencer culture, and “likes”-based validation contribute to internalized appearance ideals and reduced self-esteem. The framework highlights gender differences, peer influence, cyberbullying, and digital literacy as critical mediating and moderating factors. The study offers implications for educational policy, digital literacy interventions, parental guidance, and mental health programming, arguing that responsible digital engagement strategies are essential for safeguarding youth psychological well-being in the social media era.
Keywords: Social Media, Body Image, Self-Esteem, Adolescents, Social Comparison, Digital Culture, Mental Health and Youth Psychology.
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