The Political Ideas of Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya: Integral Humanism and the Quest for Indigenous Modernity

Author(s): Dr. Akhilesh Kumar Dwivedi, Mr. Om Prakash Gupta

Publication #: 2602001

Date of Publication: 15.02.2026

Country: India

Pages: 1-6

Published In: Volume 12 Issue 1 February-2026

Abstract

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916–1968) occupies a distinctive place in Indian political thought as the principal theorist of Integral Humanism (Ekatma Manav Darshan). Presented in 1965, his doctrine sought to offer an indigenous alternative to Western ideologies such as liberalism and Marxism by grounding political and economic systems in India’s civilizational ethos. This paper examines the philosophical foundations, social implications, and political relevance of Upadhyaya’s ideas. It argues that Integral Humanism represents a systematic effort to reconcile spiritual and material dimensions of human life, while articulating a vision of development rooted in ethical values and community well-being. The discussion proceeds through a detailed exploration of his intellectual background, key philosophical concepts, and socio-economic ideas.

Keywords: Integral Humanism, Deendayal Upadhyaya, Antyodaya, Swadeshi, Indian political thought, indigenous modernity.

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