Women in Indian Theatre: Broader Societal Shifts and Gender Dynamics
Author(s): Dr Chayanika Uniyal, Dr Amna Mirza
Publication #: 2506015
Date of Publication: 08.06.2025
Country: India
Pages: 1-13
Published In: Volume 11 Issue 3 June-2025
Abstract
Indian theatre’s roots can be traced back to around 1st century BC. However, it was beset by gender bias. Women were excluded from theater and we cannot find their significant contribution as writers, directors or even as actors, since male actors performed female roles. This began to change in the 19th century as female writers and performers began to emerge. The post-independence era saw a rise in the number of women playwrights who raised social issues such as dowry deaths, female feticide, sexual violence, ignorance, illiteracy, gender discrimination in families and society through their works. This paper focuses specifically on the rapidly changing roles of women in the long tradition of Indian theatre and its impact on the patriarchal Indian society.
The feminist theater movement of the 1970s further amplified women's voices, using street theater to highlight gender discrimination and societal norms. Notable contributions by playwrights such as Mahasweta Devi and Manjula Padmanabhan, and directors like Usha Ganguli and Amal Allana, have significantly impacted Indian theater. As a result the entry of women in theater also began influencing education, it, in turn empowered young women to not only challenge societal norms but also pursue their ambitions more assertively.
This paper discusses the history of theatre in India, particularly the feminist theatre, political and theatrical movements as well as art and activism. It also explores the historical progression, notable contributions, and ongoing impact of women in Indian theater.
Keywords: Women in Indian Theatre, Gender Dynamics, Feminist Theatre, Street Theatre
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